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■ Definition of Orthopedic Impairment under IDEA Orthopedic impairment means a severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a child’s educa-tional performance. The term includes impairments caused by congenital anomaly (e.g., clubfoot, absence of some member, etc.), and impairments from other causes (e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that cause contractures). 34 CFR 300.8(c)(8) TYPES Cerebral Palsy (CP) affects the largest group of stu-dents with Orthopedic Impairments in public schools. It occurs when there is an injury to the brain before, during, or after birth and results in poor motor coordi-nation and unusual motor patterns. There are four main types of cerebral palsy: • Spastic: The most common form of CP is when there is too much muscle tone or tightness. An individual with Spastic CP generally has stiff or jerky movements in one’s legs, arms, and/or back. • Dykinetic: Affects the entire bodily movement of an individual and slow and uncontrollable body move-ments normally occur. • Ataxic: Involves poor coordination, balance, and per-ception. • Mixed: Involves a combination of symptoms from the three types above. Muscular Dystrophy occurs when voluntary muscles progressively weaken and degenerate until they no longer function. The onset of Muscular Dystrophy can occur anytime between the ages of one to adulthood and is believed to be hereditary. Spinal Muscular Atrophy is a disease that affects the spinal cord and may result in progressive degeneration of the motor nerve cells. The severity runs from mild weakness to characteristics similar to muscular dystro-phy. Spinal Muscular Atrophy is characterized in gen-eral by fatigue and clumsiness. The cause is hereditary and the age of onset is either in infancy or a later time or between the ages of 2 and 17. Spinal Cord Injuries occur when the spinal cord is severely damaged or severed, usually resulting in partial or extensive paralysis. Spinal cord injuries are most commonly a result of an automobile or other vehicle accident. The characteristics and needs of individuals with spinal cord injuries are often similar to those with cerebral palsy. Multiple Sclerosis is a progressive disorder where the nerve impulses to the muscles are short circuited by scar tissue. Initially mild problems may occur but as the attacks continue, a person may develop a multitude of problems. These include severe visual impairment, speech disorder, loss of bowel and bladder control, and paralysis. Symptoms may regress as remission occurs. Rheumatoid Arthritis causes general fatigue and stiff-ness and aching of joints. Students who are affected by this may have trouble being in one position for a length of time. Degenerative Diseases are comprised of a number of diseases which affect a person’s motor development (ex. Musculoskeletal, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Muscular Dystrophy). EVALUATIONS • Medical information from a licensed physician, and ARNP, or the parent providing relevant medical find-ings of orthopedic conditions, specific syndromes, health problems, and medication is required. • An evaluation of motor functioning by a licensed Physical Therapists and/or Occupational Therapist, as appropriate to the needs of the child, must be included. • Individual evaluation of the child’s specific educa-tional needs and present levels of performance in the general education curriculum should be included. • Assistive Technology will be an additional consider-ation as a special factor for the evaluation process. • The effect the child’s orthopedic impairment has on his/her present levels of performance in the general education curriculum, academic performance, achieve-ment, or age appropriate activities will be important information for the team to document and consider. • Appropriate seating/positioning of the child is of pri-mary consideration for effective screening, evaluation, and instruction. ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT FACT SHEET Oklahoma State Department of Education Special Education Services • 405-521-3351 • www .ok.gov/sde/special-education
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Title | Orthopedic Impairment_2 1 |
Full text | ■ Definition of Orthopedic Impairment under IDEA Orthopedic impairment means a severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a child’s educa-tional performance. The term includes impairments caused by congenital anomaly (e.g., clubfoot, absence of some member, etc.), and impairments from other causes (e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that cause contractures). 34 CFR 300.8(c)(8) TYPES Cerebral Palsy (CP) affects the largest group of stu-dents with Orthopedic Impairments in public schools. It occurs when there is an injury to the brain before, during, or after birth and results in poor motor coordi-nation and unusual motor patterns. There are four main types of cerebral palsy: • Spastic: The most common form of CP is when there is too much muscle tone or tightness. An individual with Spastic CP generally has stiff or jerky movements in one’s legs, arms, and/or back. • Dykinetic: Affects the entire bodily movement of an individual and slow and uncontrollable body move-ments normally occur. • Ataxic: Involves poor coordination, balance, and per-ception. • Mixed: Involves a combination of symptoms from the three types above. Muscular Dystrophy occurs when voluntary muscles progressively weaken and degenerate until they no longer function. The onset of Muscular Dystrophy can occur anytime between the ages of one to adulthood and is believed to be hereditary. Spinal Muscular Atrophy is a disease that affects the spinal cord and may result in progressive degeneration of the motor nerve cells. The severity runs from mild weakness to characteristics similar to muscular dystro-phy. Spinal Muscular Atrophy is characterized in gen-eral by fatigue and clumsiness. The cause is hereditary and the age of onset is either in infancy or a later time or between the ages of 2 and 17. Spinal Cord Injuries occur when the spinal cord is severely damaged or severed, usually resulting in partial or extensive paralysis. Spinal cord injuries are most commonly a result of an automobile or other vehicle accident. The characteristics and needs of individuals with spinal cord injuries are often similar to those with cerebral palsy. Multiple Sclerosis is a progressive disorder where the nerve impulses to the muscles are short circuited by scar tissue. Initially mild problems may occur but as the attacks continue, a person may develop a multitude of problems. These include severe visual impairment, speech disorder, loss of bowel and bladder control, and paralysis. Symptoms may regress as remission occurs. Rheumatoid Arthritis causes general fatigue and stiff-ness and aching of joints. Students who are affected by this may have trouble being in one position for a length of time. Degenerative Diseases are comprised of a number of diseases which affect a person’s motor development (ex. Musculoskeletal, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Muscular Dystrophy). EVALUATIONS • Medical information from a licensed physician, and ARNP, or the parent providing relevant medical find-ings of orthopedic conditions, specific syndromes, health problems, and medication is required. • An evaluation of motor functioning by a licensed Physical Therapists and/or Occupational Therapist, as appropriate to the needs of the child, must be included. • Individual evaluation of the child’s specific educa-tional needs and present levels of performance in the general education curriculum should be included. • Assistive Technology will be an additional consider-ation as a special factor for the evaluation process. • The effect the child’s orthopedic impairment has on his/her present levels of performance in the general education curriculum, academic performance, achieve-ment, or age appropriate activities will be important information for the team to document and consider. • Appropriate seating/positioning of the child is of pri-mary consideration for effective screening, evaluation, and instruction. ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT FACT SHEET Oklahoma State Department of Education Special Education Services • 405-521-3351 • www .ok.gov/sde/special-education |
Date created | 2013-05-17 |
Date modified | 2013-05-17 |