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AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE REPORT
Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project
Tulsa County, Oklahoma
Prepared for:
Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality
Prepared by:
Eagle Environmental
Consulting, Inc.
P.O. Box 335 P.O. Box 5446
Vinita, Oklahoma 74301 Fort Smith, Arkansas 72913
918-272-7656 918-697-3936
October 2011
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY
Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc.
Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1
2.0 General Site Description ........................................................................................ 1
3.0 Sampling Methodology .......................................................................................... 1
4.0 Survey Findings ...................................................................................................... 3
5.0 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 5
6.0 References ............................................................................................................... 6
List of Figures
Figure 1 General Location Map 2
Figure 2 Trap Location Map 4
List of Appendices
Appendix A Representative Photographs
Appendix B Survey Data Forms
Appendix C Meteorological Data
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY
Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc.
Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011
1
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY
Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project
Tulsa County, Oklahoma
1.0 Introduction
The subject survey effort was conducted to identify the presence or absence of
American Burying Beetles (Nicrophorus americanus) (ABB) associated with the
proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project in Tulsa County, Oklahoma. The
project survey area included approximately 160 acres. Trapping began the night
of September 12, 2011 and continued until September 19, 2011 during which no
ABB’s were captured. One trap location was deployed and maintained for 8
nights. Trap location 1 was located in Section 32, Township 22 North, Range 14
East. The general project location is shown on Figure 1.
The ABB has been a federally listed endangered species since 1989 and is also
recognized as endangered at the State level. Based on the potential for impact to
individuals of ABB, these surveys were performed in compliance with the
Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1539, et seq.) and the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service Regulations (50 C.F.R. 17.22) under Endangered Species permit
number TE043399-0.
2.0 General Site Description
The survey corridor is located within the undulating landscape of the North Cross
Timbers Ecoregion of Oklahoma (Woods, et.al, 2004). The majority of the lands
within this ecoregion are associated low rolling hills that are covered by a mixture
of rangeland, pastureland, and woodland. The trap was placed within a woodland.
Dominant vegetation consisted of Indian grass, hackberry, American elm,
cottonwood, little bluestem, big bluestem, and American cherry.
3.0 Sampling Methodology
The ABB is large (1-1.5 inches) and has a shiny black appearance with four
orange-red spots on the wing covers (elytra).A large red spot on the pronotum of
the beetle is indicative of the species. The habitat requirements for this beetle are
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY
Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc.
Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011
2
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY
Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc.
Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011
3
not fully known; however, the ABB is considered a habitat generalist and is
known to occupy a diverse range of habitats. Habitats associated with the ABB
include open grasslands, forests, as well as transitional areas. The beetle is a
carrion feeder and utilizes small vertebrate carcasses for food and reproductive
purposes. The ABB occurs in a variety of habitat types and will exploit virtually
any possibilities where suitable forage and soil conditions may be found.
One trap location was selected to ensure appropriate survey coverage of the
anticipated area of disturbance. The trapping method for the ABB survey was
performed according to the American Burying Beetle Rangewide Survey
Guidance dated April 20, 2011. The trap location included one five gallon bucket
pitfall trap with a diameter of 11.2 inches. Bait consisted of a whole extra large
rat carcass with hair intact and placed on 3 to 4 inches of soil. The trap was
covered with a wire mesh and protective shield.
According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service a minimum of 5 successive trap-nights
are required to establish a sampling effort. Temperatures cannot fall below
60°F, rainfall totals cannot exceed 0.5 inches, and wind speed cannot exceed 10
miles per hour for greater than 20% of the trap night between 9 pm and 4 am.
Failure to meet such specified trapping effort criteria would result in an additional
trap night or trap nights. Meteorological data for this ABB survey effort was
obtained from the Weather Underground. The trap location is shown on Figure
2.
4.0 Survey Findings
No American Burying Beetles were captured during the survey effort. Several
species of beetles including two species of Nicrophorus, crickets (Gryllidae),
arachnids, isopods, and various other insects and arthropods were collected.
Atmospheric conditions during the ABB survey were fair with normal
temperatures and wind velocities ranging from calm to moderate (0 to less than 10
mph). Nighttime temperatures were recorded in the low 50’s to mid 70’s (°F)
while daytime highs reached the low 80’s to 100’s (°F). Coordination with the
USFWS in Tulsa confirmed their acceptance of the survey as valid despite the
inclement weather.
Representative photographs of the trap locations are provided in Appendix A.
The field survey data forms and survey summary sheet are found in Appendix B.
Meteorological data is provided in Appendix C.
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY
Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc.
Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011
4
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY
Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc.
Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011
5
5.0 Conclusion
The subject survey was performed in an effort to identify the presence of
American Burying Beetles at or near the proposed construction area. One trap
location was placed near the proposed construction area to ensure adequate
coverage and maintained for 8 trap nights. The trapping of 1 N. Tomentosus and
4 N. Marginatus along with multiple other insects attracted to carrion indicates
trapping efforts and techniques were adequate and functional. Meteorological
conditions during the survey were favorable for ABB activity.
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY
Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc.
Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011
6
6.0 References
Creighton, J.C., M.V. Lomolino, and G.D. Schnell, Oklahoma Biological Survey,
University of Oklahoma. Survey methods for the American Burying Beetle,
Nicrophorus americanus, in Oklahoma and Arkansas. May 1993.
United States Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil
Survey Staff. Web Soil Survey for Tulsa County, OK. Available online at
http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/. Accessed October, 2011.
USGS. 7.5-Minute Topographic Map
United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. American Burying Beetle Nicrophorus
americanus Rangewide Survey Guidance. 8 pages.
Weather Underground. http://www.wunderground.com/
Woods, et al 2004. Oklahoma (color poster with map, Ecoregions of descriptive text,
summary tables, and photographs): Reston, Virginia, U.S. Geological Survey
(map scale1:1,000,000).
Appendix A
Representative Photographs
American Burying Beetle Survey Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc.
Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011
South View
Northeast View
Appendix B
Survey Data Forms
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM
Project Name Tulsa Fuels
Reclamation Time: 0915 Date: 9/12/2011 Transect# 1
Survey
Night 1
Survey
Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw
Project
Proponent ODEQ
State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E
General
Location: Collinsville
Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83
Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam
Temp: Min: 54 Max: 96 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No
Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No
Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi
Other carrion
beetles
1.U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0
Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No
ABB Male Female Old New Age
Unknown
Recapture Newly
Marked
Tag # Death Pronotum
Width
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office.
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM
Project Name Tulsa Fuels
Reclamation Time: 0630 Date: 9/13/2011 Transect# 1
Survey
Night 2
Survey
Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw
Project
Proponent ODEQ
State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E
General
Location: Collinsville
Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83
Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam
Temp: Min: 75 Max: 100 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No
Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No
Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi
Other carrion
beetles
1.U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0
Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No
ABB Male Female Old New Age
Unknown
Recapture Newly
Marked
Tag # Death Pronotum
Width
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office.
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM
Project Name Tulsa Fuels
Reclamation Time: 0630 Date: 9/14/2011 Transect# 1
Survey
Night 3
Survey
Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw
Project
Proponent ODEQ
State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E
General
Location: Collinsville
Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83
Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam
Temp: Min: 61 Max: 80 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No
Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No
Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi
Other carrion
beetles
1.U D 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Totals 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0
Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No
ABB Male Female Old New Age
Unknown
Recapture Newly
Marked
Tag # Death Pronotum
Width
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office.
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM
Project Name Tulsa Fuels
Reclamation Time: 0630 Date: 9/15/2011 Transect# 1
Survey
Night 4
Survey
Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw
Project
Proponent ODEQ
State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E
General
Location: Collinsville
Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83
Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam
Temp: Min: 54 Max: 62 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No
Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No
Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi
Other carrion
beetles
1.U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0
Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No
ABB Male Female Old New Age
Unknown
Recapture Newly
Marked
Tag # Death Pronotum
Width
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office.
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM
Project Name Tulsa Fuels
Reclamation Time: 0635 Date: 9/16/2011 Transect# 1
Survey
Night 5
Survey
Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw
Project
Proponent ODEQ
State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E
General
Location: Collinsville
Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83
Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam
Temp: Min: 53 Max: 58 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No
Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No
Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi
Other carrion
beetles
1.U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0
Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No
ABB Male Female Old New Age
Unknown
Recapture Newly
Marked
Tag # Death Pronotum
Width
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office.
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM
Project Name Tulsa Fuels
Reclamation Time: 0635 Date: 9/17/2011 Transect# 1
Survey
Night 6
Survey
Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw
Project
Proponent ODEQ
State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E
General
Location: Collinsville
Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83
Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam
Temp: Min: 56 Max: 80 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No
Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No
Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi
Other carrion
beetles
1.U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0
Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No
ABB Male Female Old New Age
Unknown
Recapture Newly
Marked
Tag # Death Pronotum
Width
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office.
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM
Project Name Tulsa Fuels
Reclamation Time: 0635 Date: 9/18/2011 Transect# 1
Survey
Night 7
Survey
Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw
Project
Proponent ODEQ
State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E
General
Location: Collinsville
Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83
Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam
Temp: Min: 64 Max: 80 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No
Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No
Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi
Other carrion
beetles
1.U D 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Totals 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0
Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No
ABB Male Female Old New Age
Unknown
Recapture Newly
Marked
Tag # Death Pronotum
Width
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office.
AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM
Project Name Tulsa Fuels
Reclamation Time: 0630 Date: 9/19/2011 Transect# 1
Survey
Night 8
Survey
Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw
Project
Proponent ODEQ
State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E
General
Location: Collinsville
Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83
Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam
Temp: Min: 57 Max: 83 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No
Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No
Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi
Other carrion
beetles
1.U D 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Totals 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0
Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No
ABB Male Female Old New Age
Unknown
Recapture Newly
Marked
Tag # Death Pronotum
Width
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office.
Appendix C
Meteorological Data
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| Okla State Agency |
Environmental Quality, Oklahoma Department of |
| Okla Agency Code | '292' |
| Title | American burying beetle report : proposed Tulsa Fuels reclamation project, Tulsa County, Oklahoma. |
| Authors |
Oklahoma. Department of Environmental Quality. Eagle Environmental Consulting. |
| Publisher | Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality |
| Publication Date | 2011-10 |
| Publication type |
Research Report/Study Planning Document |
| Subject |
Hazardous waste site remediation--Oklahoma--Collinsville. Tulsa Fuel & Manufacturing Superfund Site (Okla.) American burying beetle--Oklahoma--Collinsville. |
| Purpose | The subject survey effort was conducted to identify the presence or absence of American Burying Beetles (Nicrophorus americanus) (ABB) associated with the proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project in Tulsa County, Oklahoma. The project survey area included approximately 160 acres. |
| OkDocs Class# | E4850.3 T924a 2011 |
| Digital Format | PDF, Adobe Reader required |
| ODL electronic copy | Downloaded from agency website: http://www.deq.state.ok.us/lpdnew/SF/TulsaFuels/American%20Burying%20Beetle%20Survey.pdf |
| Rights and Permissions | This Oklahoma government publication is provided for educational purposes under U.S. copyright law. Other usage requires permission of copyrightholders. |
| Language | English |
| Full text | AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE REPORT Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Tulsa County, Oklahoma Prepared for: Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality Prepared by: Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc. P.O. Box 335 P.O. Box 5446 Vinita, Oklahoma 74301 Fort Smith, Arkansas 72913 918-272-7656 918-697-3936 October 2011 AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc. Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011 i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 2.0 General Site Description ........................................................................................ 1 3.0 Sampling Methodology .......................................................................................... 1 4.0 Survey Findings ...................................................................................................... 3 5.0 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 5 6.0 References ............................................................................................................... 6 List of Figures Figure 1 General Location Map 2 Figure 2 Trap Location Map 4 List of Appendices Appendix A Representative Photographs Appendix B Survey Data Forms Appendix C Meteorological Data AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc. Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011 1 AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Tulsa County, Oklahoma 1.0 Introduction The subject survey effort was conducted to identify the presence or absence of American Burying Beetles (Nicrophorus americanus) (ABB) associated with the proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project in Tulsa County, Oklahoma. The project survey area included approximately 160 acres. Trapping began the night of September 12, 2011 and continued until September 19, 2011 during which no ABB’s were captured. One trap location was deployed and maintained for 8 nights. Trap location 1 was located in Section 32, Township 22 North, Range 14 East. The general project location is shown on Figure 1. The ABB has been a federally listed endangered species since 1989 and is also recognized as endangered at the State level. Based on the potential for impact to individuals of ABB, these surveys were performed in compliance with the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1539, et seq.) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regulations (50 C.F.R. 17.22) under Endangered Species permit number TE043399-0. 2.0 General Site Description The survey corridor is located within the undulating landscape of the North Cross Timbers Ecoregion of Oklahoma (Woods, et.al, 2004). The majority of the lands within this ecoregion are associated low rolling hills that are covered by a mixture of rangeland, pastureland, and woodland. The trap was placed within a woodland. Dominant vegetation consisted of Indian grass, hackberry, American elm, cottonwood, little bluestem, big bluestem, and American cherry. 3.0 Sampling Methodology The ABB is large (1-1.5 inches) and has a shiny black appearance with four orange-red spots on the wing covers (elytra).A large red spot on the pronotum of the beetle is indicative of the species. The habitat requirements for this beetle are AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc. Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011 2 AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc. Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011 3 not fully known; however, the ABB is considered a habitat generalist and is known to occupy a diverse range of habitats. Habitats associated with the ABB include open grasslands, forests, as well as transitional areas. The beetle is a carrion feeder and utilizes small vertebrate carcasses for food and reproductive purposes. The ABB occurs in a variety of habitat types and will exploit virtually any possibilities where suitable forage and soil conditions may be found. One trap location was selected to ensure appropriate survey coverage of the anticipated area of disturbance. The trapping method for the ABB survey was performed according to the American Burying Beetle Rangewide Survey Guidance dated April 20, 2011. The trap location included one five gallon bucket pitfall trap with a diameter of 11.2 inches. Bait consisted of a whole extra large rat carcass with hair intact and placed on 3 to 4 inches of soil. The trap was covered with a wire mesh and protective shield. According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service a minimum of 5 successive trap-nights are required to establish a sampling effort. Temperatures cannot fall below 60°F, rainfall totals cannot exceed 0.5 inches, and wind speed cannot exceed 10 miles per hour for greater than 20% of the trap night between 9 pm and 4 am. Failure to meet such specified trapping effort criteria would result in an additional trap night or trap nights. Meteorological data for this ABB survey effort was obtained from the Weather Underground. The trap location is shown on Figure 2. 4.0 Survey Findings No American Burying Beetles were captured during the survey effort. Several species of beetles including two species of Nicrophorus, crickets (Gryllidae), arachnids, isopods, and various other insects and arthropods were collected. Atmospheric conditions during the ABB survey were fair with normal temperatures and wind velocities ranging from calm to moderate (0 to less than 10 mph). Nighttime temperatures were recorded in the low 50’s to mid 70’s (°F) while daytime highs reached the low 80’s to 100’s (°F). Coordination with the USFWS in Tulsa confirmed their acceptance of the survey as valid despite the inclement weather. Representative photographs of the trap locations are provided in Appendix A. The field survey data forms and survey summary sheet are found in Appendix B. Meteorological data is provided in Appendix C. AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc. Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011 4 AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc. Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011 5 5.0 Conclusion The subject survey was performed in an effort to identify the presence of American Burying Beetles at or near the proposed construction area. One trap location was placed near the proposed construction area to ensure adequate coverage and maintained for 8 trap nights. The trapping of 1 N. Tomentosus and 4 N. Marginatus along with multiple other insects attracted to carrion indicates trapping efforts and techniques were adequate and functional. Meteorological conditions during the survey were favorable for ABB activity. AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE SURVEY Proposed Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Project Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc. Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011 6 6.0 References Creighton, J.C., M.V. Lomolino, and G.D. Schnell, Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. Survey methods for the American Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus americanus, in Oklahoma and Arkansas. May 1993. United States Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil Survey Staff. Web Soil Survey for Tulsa County, OK. Available online at http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/. Accessed October, 2011. USGS. 7.5-Minute Topographic Map United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. American Burying Beetle Nicrophorus americanus Rangewide Survey Guidance. 8 pages. Weather Underground. http://www.wunderground.com/ Woods, et al 2004. Oklahoma (color poster with map, Ecoregions of descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs): Reston, Virginia, U.S. Geological Survey (map scale1:1,000,000). Appendix A Representative Photographs American Burying Beetle Survey Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc. Tulsa County, Oklahoma October 2011 South View Northeast View Appendix B Survey Data Forms AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM Project Name Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Time: 0915 Date: 9/12/2011 Transect# 1 Survey Night 1 Survey Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw Project Proponent ODEQ State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E General Location: Collinsville Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83 Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam Temp: Min: 54 Max: 96 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi Other carrion beetles 1.U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0 Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No ABB Male Female Old New Age Unknown Recapture Newly Marked Tag # Death Pronotum Width 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office. AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM Project Name Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Time: 0630 Date: 9/13/2011 Transect# 1 Survey Night 2 Survey Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw Project Proponent ODEQ State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E General Location: Collinsville Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83 Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam Temp: Min: 75 Max: 100 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi Other carrion beetles 1.U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0 Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No ABB Male Female Old New Age Unknown Recapture Newly Marked Tag # Death Pronotum Width 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office. AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM Project Name Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Time: 0630 Date: 9/14/2011 Transect# 1 Survey Night 3 Survey Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw Project Proponent ODEQ State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E General Location: Collinsville Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83 Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam Temp: Min: 61 Max: 80 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi Other carrion beetles 1.U D 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0 Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No ABB Male Female Old New Age Unknown Recapture Newly Marked Tag # Death Pronotum Width 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office. AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM Project Name Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Time: 0630 Date: 9/15/2011 Transect# 1 Survey Night 4 Survey Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw Project Proponent ODEQ State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E General Location: Collinsville Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83 Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam Temp: Min: 54 Max: 62 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi Other carrion beetles 1.U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0 Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No ABB Male Female Old New Age Unknown Recapture Newly Marked Tag # Death Pronotum Width 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office. AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM Project Name Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Time: 0635 Date: 9/16/2011 Transect# 1 Survey Night 5 Survey Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw Project Proponent ODEQ State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E General Location: Collinsville Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83 Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam Temp: Min: 53 Max: 58 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi Other carrion beetles 1.U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0 Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No ABB Male Female Old New Age Unknown Recapture Newly Marked Tag # Death Pronotum Width 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office. AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM Project Name Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Time: 0635 Date: 9/17/2011 Transect# 1 Survey Night 6 Survey Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw Project Proponent ODEQ State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E General Location: Collinsville Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83 Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam Temp: Min: 56 Max: 80 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi Other carrion beetles 1.U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0 Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No ABB Male Female Old New Age Unknown Recapture Newly Marked Tag # Death Pronotum Width 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office. AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM Project Name Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Time: 0635 Date: 9/18/2011 Transect# 1 Survey Night 7 Survey Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw Project Proponent ODEQ State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E General Location: Collinsville Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83 Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam Temp: Min: 64 Max: 80 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi Other carrion beetles 1.U D 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0 Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No ABB Male Female Old New Age Unknown Recapture Newly Marked Tag # Death Pronotum Width 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. Survey considered valid by Anita Barstow, Tulsa , Ecological Services Field Office. AMERICAN BURYING BEETLE DATA COLLECTION FORM Project Name Tulsa Fuels Reclamation Time: 0630 Date: 9/19/2011 Transect# 1 Survey Night 8 Survey Company Eagle Environmental Surveyor Steve Votaw Project Proponent ODEQ State: Oklahoma County: Tulsa Legal Description: S32, T22N, R14E General Location: Collinsville Decimal Degrees 36.3481, -95.8462 Coord. System: NAD 83 Vegetation Type: Pasture Primary Soil Type: Dennis Radley Complex, silt loam Temp: Min: 57 Max: 83 Rain> 0.5 inches? Yes or No Additional survey nights required because of rain? Yes or No Trap No americanus orbicollis tomentosus pustulatus marginatus carolinus sayi Other carrion beetles 1.U D 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8. U D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Number of disturbed traps and/or bait (D): 0 Additional Survey night(s) required because of disturbance? Yes or No ABB Male Female Old New Age Unknown Recapture Newly Marked Tag # Death Pronotum Width 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comments: Single 5 Gallon Trap. 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" & - . $ % - . # % / " & " & 0 1 & && 3 " ( - . ' - . $ " - . # % / & $ & 0 1 & && 3 , " ' - . ' ! - . $ # - . # % / " & !' & 0 1 & && 3 2 ' ' - . # & - . $ # - . # % / & & , 1 & && 0 % % - . %% - . % - . # % / / " & " & ,2 1 & && 0 %% & - . %$ ! - . % - . # % / / ' & ' & , 1 & && 0 , %( ( - . % $ - . % & - . # % / / ! & ! & ,3 1 & && 0 % $ - . %" - . $ - . # % ) # & & ,0 1 & && 0 2 %" - . %" # - . $ - . # % ) # & & 1 & && %' - . %' ' - . $ $ - . # % ) # # & 1 & && %' ! - . %# $ - . $ ( - . # %% / / ! & ! & 1 & && %' ( - . %' & - . $ " - . # %% / ' & ' & 1 & && , % & - . %" ' - . % & - . # % / & $ & 1 & && % ! - . %" " - . % ! - . # % / ( & ( & 1 & && 2 %" - . %" # - . $ - . # % / ( & ( & 1 & && %' $ - . %' ! - . $ - . # % / & & 1 & && %' - . %# - . $ ' - . # % / ( & $ & 1 & && %' ( - . %' & - . $ " - . # % / ( & ( & 1 & && %# $ - . %# ' - . $ ' - . # % / & & 1 & && 2 %# ' - . %# ! - . $ ( - . # % / & ( & ,1 & && %# ' - . %# & - . 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" " # !$ %( % ') & (% ) * %( ) ') & (* %( ) ') & (* ( %( * ') & (* ' ' %( ') ' & (* ' %( ) ') % & (* * %( ) ') % & (* ' ( %( ') * & (* ) ' %( '' & (* ' ' %( '' & (' ' % %( '' & (' * % %( ' '' ) & () ( & %( '' & () * * %( '' ' & () * %% & '' ' & () ' ' %% % '' & () * * %% % '' & ( * * %% ( '' ) & ( ' ( %% & '' ' & ( * ( %( '' % & () * * %% & '* * & (' %* '* & (' %' '* ) & (' * %' '' ( & (' ) ) %' '' & & (' %' '' ) & (' %* '' ' & (' ' % %* % '' & (' ' ' %* ) '' & (' %' % '' & (' %* ') ) & (' %% ') % & (' %( ) ') % & () ) % %( & ' & & () * * ! !" ! !" # $%"&'(')(**% + ! " " # !$ ( %& & ' ' & () * ( & ( ' ' * & () & ( ( % ' & () & & ( ' & () ' ' ( & ' & & () ) ( ' ( ( ' ) & () ) ) ( ( * ' % & () ) ) ( ( * ' % & () ' ( ( & ( * ') & () ( ( ( % ') ) & () ) ) ( ( ) ') % & () % % ( ' ( ( '' & () ( & ( ( '' & ( ( & ( ( ') ( & ( ( ( '' ' & ( & & ( ' ( & '' % & ( ( ' ( & '' % & ( ) ( ' ( & '' % & ( & ( ( ( & '* & ( ( & ( '* & ( () ( ( ( '* ) & ( & () ( ( ( '* ) & ( ( () ) ( ' '* % & ( (* (' '% ' & ( % (* ) (' '% & () (% (* '% & ( (% & (% '( ) & ( (( ) (% '% & ( (& % (( ( '( ) & ( ( & & (& '( & ( & & & (& * '% & ( & & & ) & '% ) & ( ( & * & '* % & ( & ! " ! + ! " #$!%&'&('))$ * ! " " # !$ & & * '% & ( & & & '( & ( % % & & '% & ( ( ' & % & * '% * & ( % & * & ( '( ) & ( & & &) * & ' '% ) & ( % & &) ' & % '( & ( * * &' ' &) ( '( & ( * & &' &) * '( ( & ( * &' &) ( '& & ( ' ' &' ( &' '( ) & ( ' &* ( &* % '& & ( ) * &* ( &* % '& & %& ) ) &% &% ) * ) & %& &% * &% & * & %& ) ) &( &( ' '& * & %( ' &( &( '( * & %( ' ' && && '& & %( * &( * &( ' '( ( & %( ) % &( &% & '( ' & %( ' ' &% & &% ) '( & %% ) ) &( ) &( '( % & %% && &( ( '( & %% &( ' &( '( ( & %% '& & %% '& & %* % && ( && ( '( ( & %* && * '% & & %* ! && % && '% * & %* && % && % '( % & %* ! && ( '( & %* ! && ( && '% % & %' ! &( * &( '% ( & %' ) ) &( ' &% & '% % & %' ! " ! , !" # $%"&'(')(**% + ! " # $ !# % & ' & & && # ! #! ! $ !# & & & && ( & # " $ !# & & & && ! " ! & # & $ !# & & & && " ! " "& $ $ !# $ & & && # " " % "% & $ !# % & % & & && ' # ( "% $ $ !# & & & && ( ' ' & "% ! $ !# & & & && & % $ "% ! $ !# & & & && ! " "& " $ !# % & & && % ! "& & $ !" & & & && ! 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" #( $ %& $ ( ' % #( # %& $ ( ' #( %& $ ( % % ## $ % $ $ ( ' ' ## # %& $ #$ ## % %& $ ( ' ## & % ( $ #$ # ## % # $ ( ' ' ## % ' $ ( ' % #% % $ ( % #% % % $ ( ' #' % % $ ( ' ' #' % % $ ( # # # ' % $ ( # # # '$ # $ #$ ( #& '$ $ ( # # # $ '( # $ #$ % % # ' '# ( $ ( % $ # '# $ #$ # # # $ '% ( $ ( # # # ' '% $ #$ ( ( # & '% $ ( ( ( # '' # $ ( % % # '' % $ ( ' # # '' $ ( # $ # '' $ (& # # $ ' $ $ (& # # # # ' # $ (' % % # % ' % $ (% # # # % ' % $ (( $ $ !" # $%"&'(')(**% + ! " # # ' $ (# # # # ' '' $ $ # $ %( ' '' ( $ ($ %% $ '% $ ($ # # %% # '' ( $ $ ' ' %% # '' $ $ %% $ '' % $ $ ' ' %% $ '' $ $ % % %% '' $ $ % % %' # '' $ (# ( %' '' $ (# % ( '' % $ (( # # % % '' $ (( % % % '' $ (( # # % # '' ' $ (( ' % % $ '' & $ $ ' % %' '' $ $& # $ % ( '' $ $' $ $ % ( '' $ $ ( ( % $ ' $ $ $' # %' ' % $ $' # ( %' ' $ $& % $ %' ' % $ $ ( % # ' # $ $ ( ( % ' ( $ $' % ( %& $ '' $ $' # # % '' $ $' $ $ % & '' $ $% % ' '' & $ $% ( % ( '' $ $# ( & + ! " #$!%&'&('))$ * ! " % # '' $ $# $ $ %' '' $ $# $ $ % ' ' $ $ $# $ $ % $ '' & $ $$ $ % %' '' & % ( '' & % ( '' & %' & '' # & & & %% '% & %# & '% & %# '% & # %# '' # & % ( %# & '' ' & # %$ ' '% & & % # %$ ( '' # & # % %$ ' '' & $ $ # ' '% $ & & ' ' # '# & & & ' # '# % & & & # ( '# % & & # $ '# # & & # ' '# ( & # % '# & & & & # ( '% & & & & # % '% ' & & & & # $ '' ( & & & #& & '% # & ' #& '% & & #& '% & # ( '% # & & & , !" # $%"&'(')(**% + , , ! - . "" . / " 0 1 2 3 3 3 + 4 1 2 3 + + + 1 1 1 3 1 + 1 3 1 + 4 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 4 3 2 + + 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 1 + 4 3 2 1 3 + 3 1 5 1 3 3 3 2 2 1 3 2 3 1 2 5 2 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 5 4 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 5 1 5 3 2 + + 1 3 + 3 3 1 + 3 + + 2 5 5 1 1 3 3 3 2 5 2 1 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 1 3 5 2 4 + 1 2 3 5 2 5 1 2 3 5 5 2 1 1 3 5 5 5 2 1 3 3 4 4 2 2 1 1 3 4 2 2 3 1 1 3 2 1 5 1 3 2 2 2 1 3 1 1 3 + + 2 + 1 + 3 + 2 + + 1 1 3 1 1 !" # $%"&'(')(**% + , , ! - . "" . / " 0 2 + 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 5 1 1 3 3 2 3 5 1 5 3 + 2 3 + 1 4 3 + + 1 2 3 1 3 1 1 2 + 1 3 2 + + 2 2 1 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 3 1 4 3 2 2 3 1 4 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 3 3 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 + 1 5 3 2 2 1 3 4 1 1 2 5 1 3 4 4 4 2 1 4 3 4 5 5 2 5 1 2 3 4 4 4 2 2 1 3 4 4 4 !" # $%"&'(')(**% + ! " #$!%&'&('))$ * ! " # # $ % & # ' $ % % # $ % $ % # ! " #$!%&'&('))$ * ! " ! " " " " " "" # $ " ! % " % " " "" " $ " $ $ " $ " " "" " $ " $ " " " "" " " " % " ! " " " "" % & " $ " ! " " " "" % " " $ " ! " " " "" % " " $ " ! " " " "" % " " ! & " & " " "" ! " " % " " " "" $ ! " " ! " " " "" $ " ! " ! " # " " "" $ " ! " ! # " # " " "" $ # " $ " % " " " "" $ " " % # " & " " "" % " " #" " " " "" " # " #" " " " "" ! " $ " #" & " ! " " "" $ " " % $ " " " "" $ " " " #" " " " "" % &% & " #" " " " "" ! &% " #" " $ " " "" ! &% " # " " " "" &% " " ## " " " "" &% " # " " " "" &! $ " #& " " " "" $ &! " # # " $ " " "" $ # &! " # " " " "" $ &$ # " # ! " " " "" $ " &$ " # $ " % " " "" !" # $%"&'(')(**% + ! &$ " # ! 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"! 4 5 4 $ " $ " 3 / 1 " "" 0 $ & - . & $ - . !" "& 4 " " 3 , 1 " "" 0 - . & % - . !" "# 4 4 " ## " 3 1 " "" 0 " $ - . & - . !" "# 4 4 #" " #! " 2 1 " "" 0 , # ! - . ! " - . !" "" 4 4 #" " #" " + 1 " "" 0 0 # - . & - . !" "" 4 4 #" " #" " , 1 " "" 0 + # $ - . & - . & 4 " " , 1 " "" + & - . ! # - . & $ 4 4 #" " ## " 1 " "" + & % - . ! - . & $ 4 #" " #" " 0 1 " "" + ! & - . ! & - . & 4 ## " ## " 1 " "" + , & - . ! ! - . & 4 " # " 1 " "" + 0 & - . ! - . & 4 4 " " , 1 " "" ( ! " . " , !" # $%"&'(')(**% + , , - . - . !" " / ## $ ## $ 0 $ $$ 1 % ! - . % - . !" " / / #$ $ #$ $ 1 2 0 $ $$ 1 $ - . % # - . !" " / & $ & $ 1 2 0 $ $$ 1 $ - . # - . !" " / " $ ## $ 1 2 0 $ $$ 1 3 - . % - . !" "% / / " $ ## $ 1 0 $ $$ 1 & - . - . !" " / / " $ # $ 1 1 0 $ $$ 1 , & - . $ - . !" "! / / #$ $ #$ $ 1 30 $ $$ " & - . - . !" "! / / " $ " $ 1 0 $ $$ " - . " - . !" "# / #$ $ ## $ 1 30 $ $$ " & - . - . !" "# / / ## $ ## $ 1 0 $ $$ 3 " - . - . !" "# / ## $ ## $ 1 30 $ $$ & & - . # - . !" 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"# #" ! # " # # ## # %& "# #" " # " # # ## # %& "# #" ! # ! # # ## # " %& " "# #" # # # ## # $ %& $ "# #" # # # ## %( ( %' ( "# #" # # # ## %( & %' & "# # # # # ## %( %' "# #% # # # ## %( ! %' ! "# #% # # # ## %& & % & "# #% # # # ## %( # %' # "# #% # # # ## %( # %' # "# # # # # ## %& % ( "# # # # # ## !" # $%"&'(')(**% + %& % % & "# # # # # ## %& # % " "# # # # # ## %' ' % # "# #' # # # ## %' %% ( "# #' # # # ## %' % %% & "# #' # # # ## %' & % ! "# #' # # # ## %& # % " "# #' # # # ## %& " % "# #' # # # ## %( # %' " "# #' # # # ## %( %' ( "# #& # # # ## # & %( "# #& # # # ## ! " %( "# #& # # # ## $ $ # % "# #& # # # ## " ! ! # "# #& # # # ## ! ! "# #& # # # ## % # ! "# #( $ # $ # # ## % ' ! "# #( " # % # # ## ! "# #( # ' # # ## & # ! "# !# # # # ## & & $ "# !# % # % # # ## ( ! ' "# !# % # & # # ## ( ( ! $ "# !! # ' # # ## '! # ! ! "# !! # & # # ## '$ # ! ' "# !! # # # ## '$ % # ( "# !! # ' # # ## '" # ! "# !! ' # & # # ## '" % ! "# !! ( # ( # # ## ' ! $ "# !! # # # ## '% $ ! "# !! % # ' # # ## ' $ ! " "# !! ' # !! # # ## ' ! $ "# !! ' # & # # ## ' ( # # "# !! & # & # # ## '' " # ( "# !! & # & # # ## ! + ! " #$!%&'&('))$ * '' % # "# !! & # !# # # ## '' % # "# !# & # & # # ## '& ! # "# !# # ' # # ## '& ' %( "# !# # & # # ## '& ' %( "# #( ' # ' # # ## '( %( " "# #( % # ( # # ## '( ! %& ( "# #( & # !$ # # ## '( & %& ( "# #( !# # !# # # ## &# " &# ' %' "# #& ' # !# # # ## &# ' &# ( %' "# #& ' # ' # # ## &! $ &# & % "# #' # # # ## &! &# ( % ! "# #' & # & # # ## &! %$ ! "# #' & # & # # ## &! & %$ $ "# #' & # ( # # ## &! %! ! "# # ( # ( # # ## &! ( %# & "# #% & # !$ # # ## &$ $ %$ "# #% & # !# # # ## &$ " %! ( "# #% ' # ' # # ## &$ ! &! $ %" $ "# # ' # & # # ## &$ $ &! " %" " "# # ' # !! # # ## &! & %! % "# # " ( # ( # # ## &$ # &! ! %" $ "# # # ( # # ## &$ " &! %" "# #" % # % # # ## &$ % %$ ! "# #" # # # ## &$ % %$ ( "# #$ % # % # # ## &$ $ &! % ! "# #$ # & # # ## &$ # &! $ %" ( "# #$ % # % # # ## &$ &! % $ "# #$ % # ' # # ## &! & &! ! %" ' "# #$ # # # ## &! ( &! " % % "# #$ % # # # ## &$ " &! % ( "# #! " # " # # ## &! & &! ! %" ' "# #! # % # # ## &! &! # % $ "# #! " # " # # ## ! , !" # $%"&'(')(**% + ! " # $! %" " ! " & " " "" ' " # $% $ %" " ! " ! " " "" % " & $% % %" " % " % " " "" " " & $! ! %" " " ! " " "" " ( " % $$ & %" " ( " ( " " "" &# ! $$ ' %" " " " " "" & ! $$ % %" "" " " " "" && ( $' ' %" "" " " " "" &' ( $' ( %" "" " " " "" &$ ! $$ $ %" "" " " " "" &! & $! % %" "" " " " "" &% $ $$ % %" "" " " " "" &( " $! ! %" "" " " " "" & % $! %" "" " " " "" &" ' $% ' %" "" " " " "" &" ' $! %" " " " " "" '# $! %" " " " " "" '# ( $! & %" " " " " "" ' " $! $ %" " " " " "" '& % $$ %" "( " " " "" '' " $$ %" "( " " " "" '' $ $! ! %" "% " " " "" '& " $! ! %" "% " " " "" '& ( $! ' %" "% " " " "" '& & $! ( %" "% " " " "" '& # $! " %" "% " " " "" '& & $% %" "% " " " "" '& ! $% # %" "% " " " "" '' ( $% & %" "% " " " "" '! & $% $ %" "% " " " "" '% $ $% $ %" "% " " " "" '( $( # %" "% " " " "" '( ' $! ( %" "% " " " "" , ! " #$!%&'&('))$ * '( $! ! %" "% " " " "" ' $% ! %" "% " " " "" ' & $! %" "% " " " "" ' $! ( %" "% " " " "" ! " #$!%&'&('))$ * |
| Date created | 2012-01-30 |
| Date modified | 2014-05-15 |
| OCLC number | 777775791 |
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